Publication Ethics, and Editorial Policy of the Journal

The Publication Ethics Policy of the journal is developed in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). This policy is regularly updated to reflect the evolving guidelines provided by COPE. The Editorial Office monitors the compliance of materials with international ethical norms; however, it acknowledges the absence of a complete guarantee that the research materials submitted by authors for publication fully comply with ethical standards. The Editorial Board of the scientific journal may, at any time, change any point of the editorial policy without prior notice to the authors. The Editorial Office of the scientific journal hopes that its activities will contribute to the development of both national and global economic science.

EDITORIAL POLICY AND ETHICAL OBLIGATIONS

Within the framework of its editorial policy, the Editorial Office of the journal consistently adheres to the COPE Code of Conduct publishing standards approved by COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics).

Members of the Editorial Board and/or independent external experts review articles in accordance with the principle of objectivity and from the perspective of international academic standards. The Editorial Office reserves the right to make stylistic and literary edits to the manuscript while preserving the author's style. Edits that, in the opinion of the Editorial Office, may alter the meaning of the text are coordinated with the author.

The Editorial Board of the scientific publication reserves the right to reject articles that do not meet the requirements and the subject scope of the journal. The opinions and suggestions expressed in the articles do not necessarily coincide with the viewpoint of the Editorial Board. Responsibility for the reliability of information in the articles, the accuracy of titles, statistical data, surnames, and citations is borne by the authors.

In its activities, the Editorial Office follows the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics and requires compliance with ethical obligations from all participants in the process.

Ethical obligations of the Editorial Board

Members of the Editorial Board are responsible for the publication of the submitted manuscript, guided by the following fundamental principles:

• The Editorial Board consists of leading domestic and foreign scholars who are specialists in the fields of science corresponding to the thematic focus of the journal and are recognised experts in the field of economics and related issues. The composition of the Editorial Board, indicating academic degrees and places of work, is available on the journal's website. The Editor-in-Chief and the Managing Editor regularly inform Board members about key issues in the preparation of the publication, consult with them, and involve them in the peer-review process.
• The Editorial Board is responsible for the publication, defining the editorial policy, conducting careful selection and review of manuscripts, and reserving the right to reject or return an article for revision.
• When evaluating manuscripts, the Editorial Board is guided solely by the scientific and intellectual value of the work, regardless of the race, gender, sexual orientation, religious views, origin, citizenship, place of work, political preferences, or social status of the author(s). The Editorial Board provides authors with the opportunity to provide a reasoned response to any remarks.
• The Editorial Board does not provide information related to the content of the manuscript under consideration to anyone other than the persons involved in the professional evaluation of said manuscript. Unpublished data is not used for personal purposes and is not transferred to third parties without the written consent of the author. Information or ideas obtained during the editing process and related to potential advantages are confidential and are not used for personal gain.
• The Editorial Board does not accept articles for which there are sufficient grounds to consider them plagiarism and opposes falsification, plagiarism, and the simultaneous submission of the same manuscript to multiple scientific publications.

The Editorial Office reserves the right to reject manuscripts without review if:

• The uniqueness of the manuscript text is less than 80% of its total volume.
• The author(s) have an affiliation with an organisation or institution located on the territory of an aggressor state or a state sponsor of terrorism.
• The research is funded by an organisation or institution located on the territory of an aggressor state or a state sponsor of terrorism.
• The manuscripts contain calls for human rights violations, terrorism, or are aimed at spreading ideological positions and/or politicised ideas.

Ethical obligations of authors

Authors bear personal responsibility for the submitted manuscript text, which involves adherence to the following principles:

• Authors must guarantee the originality of the research results presented in the submitted manuscripts. Borrowed fragments or statements must be appropriately formatted with the mandatory indication of the author and the primary source. Excessive borrowing, as well as plagiarism in any form, is unethical and unacceptable. Authors bear full responsibility for the content of the articles.
• Authors must acknowledge the contribution of all persons who influenced the research to some extent. In particular, the article must provide references to works that were significant in the conduct of the research.
• All persons who made a significant contribution to the study must be indicated as co-authors. It is unacceptable to include persons who did not participate in the research among the co-authors.
• The corresponding author must ensure that all co-authors are included in the list of authors and that all co-authors have given full consent to the approval of the final version of the article and its submission for publication.
• Authors must not submit articles that are under consideration or review in other publications, nor articles that have been previously published.
• In the event that an author discovers significant errors or inaccuracies in their article, they must notify the Editorial Office of the journal as soon as possible.
• Authors must clearly state the sources of funding used for the creation of their manuscript, including for the research and/or publication. Information about financial support for research by specific organisations is indicated by the corresponding author on behalf of all authors upon submission. Other sources of support for publications should be mentioned in the manuscript, typically in the form of acknowledgments.

Ethical obligations of reviewers

A reviewer performs a scientific examination of author materials for the purpose of objectively evaluating the quality of the submitted article and determining its level of compliance with scientific, literary, and ethical standards. When evaluating an article, the reviewer must be impartial and adhere to the COPE Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers:

• An article received for review is treated as a confidential document that cannot be passed on for familiarisation or discussion to third parties.
• The reviewer performs a scientific examination of author materials impartially. Remarks must be clearly formulated with supporting arguments so that authors can use them to improve the article. Personal criticism of the author is unacceptable.
• The reviewer is obliged to provide an objective and reasoned assessment of the research results, determine the manuscript's compliance with scientific standards, and alert the editor to any published or submitted material that is substantially similar to the material under consideration.
• Unpublished data obtained from manuscripts submitted for consideration cannot be used by the reviewer for personal purposes.
• A reviewer who, in their opinion, does not have sufficient qualifications to evaluate the article or cannot be objective for example, in the case of a conflict of interest with the author or organisation must notify the Editorial Office and ask to be excluded from the review process for said article.

Ethical obligations of the publisher

The publisher is responsible for the dissemination of author works, adhering to the following fundamental principles and procedures:

• Providing support to the Editorial Office when handling claims regarding the ethical aspects of published materials and assisting in interaction with other journals and/or publishers if this contributes to the performance of the editors' duties.
• Adhering to the provision that the journal's activities are not a commercial project and do not aim to make a profit.
• Facilitating the process of making changes to a publication or retracting (withdrawing) a publication if such a decision has been made by the Editorial Board of the journal.